Wednesday 13 May 2020

Coronavirus problems for dogs and puppies

Whilst we're all struggling with the Covid shut down, what's happening with our dogs and puppies?

Help for dogs and puppies during the coronavirus

What else could I write about this month but the coronavirus situation! On the one hand, we might think that all of our dogs will be overjoyed at having their family staying home with them; on the other hand, how on earth can we hope to socialise new puppies? And how can we possibly walk our dogs safely without accidentally coming within the two metre safety zone? Here are some ideas to help.

Avoiding new separation issues:

It’s very common for dogs to develop separation issues after the Christmas & New Year Holidays. They’ve really enjoyed our company and when we go back to work we come home to come home to find the lino’s been ripped up, for instance. Try to avoid this eventuality by keeping some of the day-to-day routine the same & by leaving them at home alone when you can (if that’s safe).

Helping existing separation issues:

Usually separation issues are extremely difficult to resolve because, for best results, it is crucially important that the dog isn’t left alone until they can actually cope. What a great opportunity we have here then to resolve this issue! Why not join our online separation group to help you through the steps.

Exercise:

It’s probably safest to keep your dogs on leads for all walks just now, even if just to prevent potential issues arising.

New puppies

Usually it’s critically important to gently and safely expose our puppies to all the sights and sounds and people and animals that they’ll need to cope with in their lives. Of course, we simply cannot do this right now. It’s not even safe to take them to a doggy play area and let them romp about with other puppies. Just consider how we get them to come back to us without having to go and pick them up or even to untangle long lines. Puppy parties are cancelled and all puppy training classes are moving on-line.
Some ideas to ameliorate the situation are:
·      Use puppy socialisation mp3 downloads (available free from the Dog’s Trust) to get them used to noises, sights and sounds
·      Work on training whilst there’s a doggy programme on the TV. 
·      Play-act: Imagine the aspects of people that a dog might meet: wearing hats, wearing glasses, different perfumes, walking sticks, cycling, jogging etc. Set up some safe situations around your home and garden and introduce your puppy to these “pretend” people.
In the mean time, we are doing video help sessions to ensure that we pre-empt problems arising and also take the extra time we have just now to resolve  existing problems. For more information, please see www.PawsAbility.co.uk

Fisrt Published in The Northern Times, Mar 20

Monday 25 February 2019

Help, My Dog is Obsessed with Food


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Some dogs seem to be more greedy than others – or are they? Just have a wee think back to the first time those lovely brown eyes gazed at you. Our first thought may have been:  “Hey Molly, what is it that you want, do you want out?” We go to the door and open it and they simply continue to look at us. Next thought – oh you must be hungry – let’s get you a wee snack.
And hey presto! Our dogs have trained us to get up from our TV programme, go in to the kitchen, open the cupboard and feed them. They get a treat and we get a) relief from the pressure and frustration of guessing and b) a feel good factor from making our dogs happy.
Now, of course, some dogs are indeed more foodie than others. What happens with those greedy dogs? Why are they always on the hunt for food? Well science is uncovering many new reasons regarding why some people seem to need to eat more than others; why some get more joy from eating; and why some put on weight whilst others don’t. And guess, what – it’s the same for dogs. There are indeed genetic and other inherited aspects. But our brains and our dogs’ brains also develop habits.
That very first time our puppy gazed lovingly at us and we thought – oh let’s get you a snack – was the first step towards a foodie habit.
Just think. What if, instead of reaching for the cookie jar we did a little training, or played a wee game, or took them for a walk, gave them a pat or taught them to go and lie down in their bed. How would that have affected the puppy’s experience with food?
After all, it is much easier to never let a habit form than to change habits later.
So, for puppies, during their first few weeks and months (and for newly rescued dogs), simply keep temptation out of the way and don’t presume that they’re always looking for food, or get them into the habits of getting more extra treats than they need.
There are of course some dogs who do seem food obsessed. Keeping food out of reach works for them too, helped by distracting them onto other mentally stimulating activities.
Obesity is one of the top preventable diseases in dogs. Fat dogs aren’t just fat, they suffer from all of the other related medical issues that we do: joint problems, heart stress, diabetes and so on.
There's an excellent chart on measuring dog thin-fat levels here - Is my dog fat?
For help with greedy or fussy dogs or puppies or for any other behaviour problems, please do just get in touch at PawsAbility.co.uk.

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Friday 1 February 2019

What the heck is dog socialisation anyway?


I MUST Socialise my Puppy!

I MUST Socialise my Rescue Dog!! 

Em, yes, well, but.... please take care to ensure that your pet doesn't become frightened or overwhelmed by the experience. 

Socialisation is NOT forcing your dog or puppy to go to a training class where they bark, whine, lunge at other dogs or hide under the seat.

Socialisation is NOT making sure that everyone holds your puppy.

Socialisation is NOT impossible before the puppy vaccination period is passed.

Socialisation IS probably one of the most misunderstood aspects of dog behavioural needs.

And, I’m thinking that socialisation may be something that new xmas pet owners are thinking about just now. Unfortunately, this term is one of those mis-understood aspects of dog ownership. Most tend to think that socialisation is about getting dogs and puppies out and letting them loose to play with each other.

Unfortunately this can all too frequently go wrong. Yes of course we want dogs to meet up with each other. But what’s most important is that we ensure that we organise these meetings so that we don’t expose any dog or puppy to any fear or indeed over-excitement. Canine introductions really need to be handled very carefully to ensure that we don’t introduce any unwanted behaviours or expose our dogs to a situation where they may feel cornered and may become aggressive or bolt away from you. In fact, this is exactly what has happened to many of the dogs we see on the lost dogs listings.

First, if we think about puppies, socialisation is much broader than just introducing them to other dogs. They need to be carefully exposed to all sorts of objects, noises and other animals and people in a calm and careful way to help them learn to ignore noises and to be calm and happy around people and animals.

We also need to take care considering socialisation for many rescue dogs and especially imported rescues. Many dogs will be quite anxious and need some time simply to adjust to their new environment and learn to trust you. Even if you do want them to meet other dogs straight away, always keep rescues on lead for a while until you can be sure that they won’t bolt away from frightening situations.


The third confusion is when pet owners want to socialise a barky or aggressive dog at a training class. Unfortunately, this can be the worst thing to do. Indeed, barky dogs may calm down after a few weeks at class (after disrupting the others). But highly excited or scared or anxious dogs are not able to actually focus on learning what you want. The best approach here is to get some 1-1 help and help and to build their confidence through training and behaviour exercises and with various mentally stimulating games. Then they will be more likely to be able to cope in more distracting environments like classes.

There’s lots more information and detail on socialisation on Pawsability.co.uk. It’s also one of the topics discussed in the book Dogz Thinkz Differentz (available on Amazon) which clarifies many confused areas of dog behaviour including dominance and stubbornness. Read more about Dogz Thinkz Differentz here.

As always,  please do just call or email anna@pawsability.co.uk for help with your dog or puppy training and behaviour questions, especially if you live in the Scottish Highlands. Otherwise, please contact ICAN International Certified Behaviourists for help

For help from a dog behaviourist in Scotland, from Aberdeen to Inverness and the Highlands, please contact www.PawsAbility.co.uk


First Published in the Northern Times, Jan 19
Author - Anna Patfield 

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Friday 2 November 2018

Changing Dog Behaviour



It’s funny how things inter-link. I took a day out the other day to attend a wee workshop. It had nothing to do with dog behaviour. However, a common factor sparked in my mind: the need for change.
One of my favourite quotes is “Changing Nothing, Changes Nothing”.
To explain - One aspect of resolving dog behaviour issues requires consideration regarding how to change the dog’s access to particular triggers. Sometimes this needs a great deal of thought. Sometimes changes are easy. For instance, consider a dog running in the garden, barking aggressively at people passing by. Our ultimate goal is to teach the dog to be nice and calm or simply lie down or play with a ball. We may choose to persevere with shouting at the dog each day. Nothing changes. Indeed, the barking frequently ends up generalising to other areas too, such as on walks. Consequently, it occurred to me (at 3am one morning, as these things do!) that “Changing Nothing” isn’t entirely accurate. Perhaps a more accurate phrase would be: changing nothing… well, makes things worse!
Instead, we will progress much more quickly if the problematic fence running is prevented for now, by keeping the dog inside more. This change helps to break the present habit and provides time for the new training to settle in.
Generally, troubled dogs do many things that we’d rather they didn’t. Considering how to manage them differently is frequently one of the main starting points to the overall behaviour process. And funnily enough, it’s not the dog that has difficulty with the change; it’s us humans! Our own doggy habits have become entrenched and are truly difficult to alter. It’s us that needs to stop leaving the door open or letting the dog out off the lead or to stop shouting at them as they bark. It’s us that needs to stop leaving food on the table to be opportunistically stolen. It’s us that need to pop a lead on when visitors arrive to stop Molly jumping on them.
So here’s a top tip for just about any dog behaviour issue. Sit down with the family and determine some beneficial new house rules that will stop exposing Molly to the troublesome situations. Review and discuss these changes every day and make sure that we’re not creating new problems or additional stressful situations.
Of course, we can’t stick right there. It’s only a starting point. We need to move on to some training and other exercises to help Molly learn how to improve her behaviour.
For help with figuring out the best behaviour changes and developing complete behaviour programmes, please do get in touch. Pawsability.co.uk. Or look at ICAN
More on changes:

It's always interesting to have a wee look to add some links to other articles on the same topic. So, I had a wee google. It seems that most of the articles published using the word "change" and about changes in dog behaviour (rather than "chang-ing"). Of course, that's not surprising. They look at why behaviour changes in dogs and many particularly consider behaviour changes in older dogs. These articles then are also about change, but from some different viewpoints.

Further Reading:














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The next article on "change" will be more about the dog behaviour business and why that needs to change.

The basis of this article was 1st published in the Northern Times, Oct 2018.

Author - Anna Patfield www.PawsAbility.co.uk


Wednesday 12 September 2018

Food and Dogs and Behaviour (Microbial)


Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food
Are you having problems with dog or puppy behaviour? Have you ever stopped to wonder whether their food may be having an impact on their behaviour?

Over two thousand years ago, Hippocrates considered that the things that we put into our bodies could affect our health. Now, at the time even air was considered to be a "food" and medicine was far from what it is today.

Indeed, where would we be (or ... would we be) without Alexander Flemming's discovery of penicillin. Amazingly he made this discovery only in 1928! Not even 100 years ago.

Did anyone ever say, "Discovery is discovery itself". Does that sound strange? When we think about the time line of medicine, it's truly astounding how far we've come in such a short time. But, once a concept is available to us, our little grey cells drive us to new adventures and revelations.

And that's how we encountered the Microbiome (the term used to describe the good and bad bacteria in and on our bodies). So, from 1928, let's get in the tardis and zoom forward to 2003 when the human genome mapping sequence was declared complete. This scientific breakthrough has accelerated our ability to understand what's going on in our bodies. Up until then, yes, we knew that our bodies had good and bad bacteria and in 1930 Yakult became available, proposing to feed our good bacteria.

However up until recently, we actually knew very little about our body bacteria. We needed the human genome mapping to complete and the further advancement of technology to enable scientists to uncover the trillions of bacteria existing in our guts. Up until then, only bacteria that were easily grown in petri dishes were known about. Now, we can relatively easily and cheaply identify many more.

And why is that important?

What we don't know about the microbiomeWell, the writings on body bacteria and how to fix microbial balance are prolific. Unfortunately, much of what is written seems to have rather stretched the truth of the matter. Now, perhaps I am wrong. I'm always the first to question anything I hear or believe (believe me that's a nightmare in itself - but that's another story!). But so far as my investigations can tell, we are only at the beginnings of the revelations that will arise from continued study in this area.

Whilst we are all led down many a path encouraging us to get on some train or other and believe in and buy miracle products, the scientists are beavering away trying to keep us safe. They now know the questions to ask and the new experiments and studies to undertake and have the technology to help. So, whilst we gaily go out and buy our probiotic yoghurts and supplements, scientists are looking into

  • the effectiveness of different methods aiming to change our microbes (many don't survive life on the shelf, nor the acid in our stomachs)
  • the side effects of proactively increasing some microbes (can we overdose?)
  •  the actual benefits and functions of each individual microbe (it's not a one size fits all thing)
Buy hey, why is a dog behaviourist even interested in this topic? Well, it transpires that our microbes don't just affect our health, but they also seemingly affect our emotional wellbeing. 

Our microbial balance is now thought to be related to not only IBD and Colitis but also Autism, ADHD, Depression and Anxiety. WOW!! Eat bugs and fix depression!! (No, don't do this please...). But just imagine a future without the need for Flemming's discovery. Instead of treating illness with penicillin we can look forward to a future of various microbial treatments.

But, here's a thought.... Just imagine if the next significant breakthrough was made on the 28th February 2028. That would be 100 years to the day since the discovery of penicillin. The discovery of the bugs to awaken the bugs that the original bug killer killed!! (Antibiotics kill more than bad bugs - that's side effects for you - and why we need to take care.) 100 years to the day - what would my numerology friends have to say about that I wonder?

Anyway, in the mean time, we need to continue with the use of our current medicines and antibiotics - thank goodness that we have these treatments available to us. Absolutely necessary. But we can also endeavour to keep ourselves happy and healthy by eating the right foods.

The brain is indeed a complex organ and as if that wasn't enough, we actually have 2 brains. The gut brain and our head brain. Both need looked after to help with our health and happiness.

The Good Dog Diet

To hear more about the effect of food and behaviour, the gut-brain axis, the epigenome and our dogs, and more on behaviour and nutrition, please sign up to the RSS feed to this blog.

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Author - Anna Patfield www.PawsAbility.co.uk and www.TheGoodDogDiet.com - a book which clearly and simply explains food and behaviour in dogs.


Friday 29 June 2018

Warning - 7 things not to do to fix your dog's behaviour problems....

It's sad, but one of the most emotional moments when helping people with their dog's behaviour problems is when I say.... but really, it is ok to cuddle your dog and to speak to them when you come home.... Sadly, they've been putting their dog in the 'dog house' and ignoring them, and what's probably worse - emotionally hurting themselves into the bargain because they think they're being cruel to be kind.... Thank you then for picking up the phone and finding a 'new-age behaviourist!!'

Unfortunately, a lot of behaviourists and dog trainers that are out and about in the world are following the concepts of the dark ages. They're using way outdated methods and no scientific knowledge to aim to fix problems. 

I guess it's really not all that surprising. I'm currently reading a book on the history of the study of the brain and how we got to where we are now. Even to this day, there are some brain-ologists who are discounting alot of scientific proof in their rationalisation of how emotion and the brain work.

Anyway, to get on with these 7 top tips on things not to do to fix your dog's behaviour problems.

Remember these are DO-NOT's.... not DO's

1. Do not continue putting your dog into the very situations that cause the bad behaviour. 

2. Do not eat before your dog (well, unless it happens to be handy for you)

3. Do not stop cuddling your dog (well, unless they really don't like to be touched - but we can fix that)

4. Do not yank your dog's lead to stop them pulling

5. Do not use choke chains, check chains, electric dog collars, or even spray collars. These really most often make the problem worse.

But here are the most important points.

6. Do not roll your dog over or pin them to the ground aiming to dominate them (there's more on how to fix your dogs dominance here) 

And 

7. Please do not browse around on forums, read random books, read things on web sites, search on amazon for an anti-bark collar....  and try this and that and the other. I know a lot of the information on the web is great. But you can't believe everything that's on there. (Ha ha - can you believe this either??...). Unfortunately, all the inconsistency thats freely available most often (unless you're lucky) ends  up causing more confusion for your lovely dog or puppy.

So, what to do? 

Please contact a qualified behaviourist. They'll be happy to chat and either set up an appointment to  help you with your dog - to follow a consistent, positive, psychological approach, or if that's not in your  interest at present, at least you'll be pointed towards the right books.




Wednesday 13 June 2018

Pawsability Book Synopsis: Follow Your Gut – The Enormous Impact of Tiny Microbes. Rob Knight and Brendan Buhler.

Everyone interested in how food and the environment impacts on our health and emotional wellbeing should read this book. But, I do hope this wee summary helps to provide the basis of where we are now in our understanding of our guts and bugs and brains.

Every day in the news we see some revelation about our health and food. Whether it’s what we should or shouldn’t eat or some new super food or new regulations regarding adverts for “junk” food or new laws to cut sugar levels in drinks. It’s all very confusing and leads us either to ignore it all or blame the government “nanny state” or the scientists for “getting it wrong” all the time. The trouble is, this is simply the perception that we get from the news and social media chat that fly past our eyes.
Is it going to get better? Well, the short answer is yes, but there is still a huge amount of effort required to prove potential new cures for our various ailments. The mapping of the human genome was amazing enough in itself. However, most of us probably don’t actually realise that these technological developments enabled the advancement of significantly improved understanding of our “good” and “bad” bacteria. 
And so, the concept of the microbiome was born.
Follow Your Gut not only give us a true perspective on where scientific knowledge actually is, but it also teaches us about how scientists work to keep us safe.
Now, we probably all know that we have “good” bacteria residing in our guts. In fact, our whole body exists not just as an assortment of organs and blood and skin, but we also host trillions of microbes.
Once again however, we are being foiled and confused by the plethora of books and articles about healthy guts and what foods to eat. And no doubt many of these books do convey some element of the truth. However, many appear to have taken hold of what are simply theories and areas of investigation at this stage and written about the topic without solid evidence.
The fact is that there is more we don’t know about the microbiome than we presently know. In striving for the truth, I came across a little book called Follow Your Gut by Rob Knight and Brendan Buhler. It’s a fabulous lighthearted wee book that concisely and clearly explains what the microbiome is and isn’t and precisely what we know and don’t yet know. 
I hope you find this synopsis useful in itself and I am sure that you’ll enjoy the book too.

Synopsis by chapter.

Introduction

Our bodies co-exist with trillions of microscopic microbes that are essential for our wellbeing. There are in fact, 10 times more microbial cells in us than human cells. Different microbial communities reside in our mouths, skin and gut. Whilst each person’s DNA is very similar, their microbiomes can differ by 90%.
We know that these differences help to explain allergies, why one person gets sick, or another doesn’t cope as well with stress, or why mosquitos bite some and not others. 
It’s a hugely exciting time (really – astounding doesn’t even go half way to conveying the level of excitement!). This has occurred due to advancement of computing power and improvements in DNA reading programs. Up until recently, our body bacteria identification process was slow and costly. It is only with this DNA reading advancement that we now know that there are trillions of different bacteria happily residing within us. Whilst there is a long way to go, microbiome research is uncovering potential treatments for many illnesses including obesity, arthritis, autism and depression.

Chapter 1: The Body Microbial

The book builds in a logical fashion, starting off explain about the types, volumes and locations of our microbes. 
Interesting facts include that our microbes weigh about the same as our brains, that there are 10 times more microbial cells than human cells in our bodies and even our microbial genes out number ours by nearly 100 to 1. We are in fact 99% microbe and 1% human.
Not only does each individual host different collections of microbe, but our mouth, noses, skin, gut and genital areas have completely different populations. Even our right and left hands harbor different microbial communities. What’s perhaps even more astounding is that each of our microbiomes are sufficiently different that each individual could potentially be forensically identified.
Further, we all hear about all the harmful bacteria when food poisoning outbreaks etc. occur. But, it transpires that most of us actually carry E.Coli, Helicobacter Pylori and Streptococcus microbes.
Most of the microbes are in the intestine. Up until recently we only knew of those that proved easy to grow in a laboratory. Now, we know that E.Coli forms only a tiny percentage of the bacteria in our guts. These other microbes are important in food digestion and drug metabolism and have been linked to many issues from obesity to colon cancer and heart disease. We’re only beginning to be able to ask and answer these questions now. 

Chapter 2: How We Get Our Microbiome

It is thought that before birth we may not have any microbes and that when we are born we are coated with vaginal microbes, thus providing us with our very first microbial protection. Babies born by C-section do not benefit from this and do tend to be more likely to suffer from issues such as asthma and possibly food allergies and obesity.
Food and the environment then gradually changes our microbiome into adulthood. Children who’ve been exposed to a more varied microbial community (such as when living on farm) tend to have fewer immune problems such as hay fever. 
Different cultures around the world have different gut microbiomes and there is significant difference in those who eat high meat versus high fibre diet. 
However, we don’t yet know specifically how diet affects the gut microbial population.

Chapter 3: In Sickness and In Health

The possibilities for cures raised by the discovery of the microbiome are nothing less than awesome. And whilst we don’t yet know how to apply microbial treatments for problems like IBD, autism, MS, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and depression, the ongoing studies are uncovering huge potential for new types of cures. 
But whilst we may all like to dive in and follow, as yet unproven, newest fad diet that proclaims to cure all ills, the scientific community continues to work on proving why and how the concepts work or don’t work. It’s complex!
We know for instance that the microbial populations are different in obese and slim people; in people that eat high meat / fat diets (the increase in the microbes associated with heart disease is dramatic); and within people with the above mentioned diseases. We also know that even Kwashiorkor, thought to be caused by protein deficiency is actually related also to microbiome imbalance. However, individual genetics and other factors are also involved. 

Chapter 4: The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbes Affect Your Mood, Your Mind, and More

The microbiome-gut-brain axis is the term used to describe the interaction between our microbiome and its involvement in the digestion of food, hormone production, drug metabolism and our immune system and how that all affects our brain. Again, the possibilities for new cures for issues such as depression and anxiety are immense. 
However, whilst we do all love to latch on to new, seemingly harmless, cures and new “fads” we just don’t yet know the full story. Unfortunately, the answers and even the questions are truly complex. And whilst some potential microbial cures for anxiety and depression and symptoms associated with autism have been proven in mice, there are a significant number and variety of mechanisms that remain to be studied and understood.
A further interesting contemplation is whether the rise in inflammatory issues such as arthritis, diabetes and depression may relate to our increasing distance from the soil and clean living. (Soil microbes are considered as helpful modulators of the immune system – but don’t all dash out and eat soil!).

Chapter 5: Hacking Your Microbiome

Given that eating a high meat or high fibre diet or drinking alcohol or taking antibiotics change our microbiome, surely we can eat our microbiome back to health? Unfortunately it’s not that easy. 
Prebiotics are, most often, soluble fibres such as galacto-oligosaccharides that are fermented by bacteria in the colon and provide energy to maintain gut health. They aim to mimic the effect of high fibre diets. 
Probiotics may be provided by fermented foods such as yoghurt or as suppositories. Unfortunately, the health claims of pre and probiotics has not yet been proven. Further, there are a plethora of products available to buy that may not actually survive life on the supermarket shelves. Should we wish to treat a condition such as IBD, choosing a rigorously scientifically tested product would be more likely to help.
Faecal transplantation may also be a beneficial treatment. This involves transplanting microbes from a healthy person into the ill person. Again, the medical potential here is very exciting, but there are a number of very complex aspects to figure out.
There may also be new possibilities to vaccinate people against the bacteria that we now know are implicated in some heart issues, colon cancers or even depression. 
The potential for new remedies, as you can see are hugely exciting, but we shall have to remain patient because, as yet, we do not know which and how many interacting microbes relate to specific areas of disease and health.

Chapter 6:Antiobiotics

Everyone knows of antibiotic resistance, but we do still complain when our doctor won’t give us antibiotics when we think we need them. We should be happy for this control. It’s a fact that 70% of bacteria that cause infections in US hospitals are now resistance to antibiotics. There are two problems for our microbiome. First, the antibiotics target both good and bad bacteria. And second, the more our microbes are exposed to antibiotics, the greater opportunity they have to adapt and survive; further reducing the effect of antibiotics.
Studies have also shown that antibiotics may in fact cause obesity, especially for those who receive them early in life. Children treated with antibiotics may also be more likely to develop asthma and allergies as a result of the early disruption of their microbiome. 
The issues with antibiotics are further compounded in situations where broad spectrum pills are used or when we don’t complete the full course. Of course, antibiotics are essential in many situations and there are few other options right now. Fortunately however, technology is advancing our ability to specifically identify microbes by their DNA and thus we have hope that newer, more effective and less damaging cures will be developed.

Chapter 7: The Future

And finally, the little book summarises all of the potential benefits that the understanding of microbes in our environment and bodies will bring. Technology will allow us to know which pain killers will work best, to enable improved ways to treat illnesses related to microbiome imbalance; to potentially vaccinate against obesity and depression and repel mosquitos.
However, we don’t yet comprehend about unintended consequences of messing with our microbiome through these potential treatments.
If you do want to know more about your own microbiome, contact the Human Microbiome Project. 

Thank you Rob Knight and Brendan Buhler and TED for providing this brilliant wee book that clarifies all about what we know and don’t know on the Gut-Brain axis and other aspects of our microbiome.
 Read more of this astounding, groundbreaking science here.



Or watch the TED Take Video by Rob Knight here

If you like, you can link to this blog using this link - Pawsability Synopsis - Follow Your Gut.
If you would like to hear of further book summaries, and news on dogs, behaviour and nutrition, please do sign up for the RSS feed or follow the blog. Thanks.

Synopsis Author - Anna Patfield www.PawsAbility.co.uk